Wondering why CBD is different from THC? These two cannabinoids are often confused, but they offer very distinct effects. In this article, we will see together how these substances interact with your body and what makes them unique.
What is THC?
THC, or tetrahydrocannabinol, is the main psychoactive compound in cannabis. Discovered in 1964 by Israeli chemist Raphael Mechoulam, it is responsible for the euphoric effects associated with marijuana use. THC is present in high concentrations in recreational cannabis strains, with levels reaching 30% in some strains. By interacting with the CB1 receptors of the endocannabinoid system , THC can alter perception, mood, memory, and motor coordination.
What is CBD?
CBD, or cannabidiol , is another major cannabinoid found in cannabis, making up to 40% of the plant’s extract. Unlike THC, CBD is not psychotropic and does not induce a “high.” Discovered in 1940, CBD has gained popularity in recent years due to its potential therapeutic applications . By 2025, the global CBD market is estimated to be worth over €20 billion, reflecting the growing public interest in its purported benefits.
The chemical structure of CBD and THC
Although CBD and THC share the same molecular formula ( C21H30O2 ), their atomic arrangement differs. This difference in chemical structure largely explains why CBD is different from THC in terms of its effects on the human body. THC has a closed ring, while CBD has a hydroxyl group, influencing their interaction with cannabinoid receptors.
How does THC affect the body?
THC binds directly to CB1 receptors in the endocannabinoid system, located primarily in the brain and central nervous system. This interaction causes psychoactive effects that can last 2 to 4 hours after ingestion. About 20% of the THC consumed is actually absorbed by the body. The effects of THC include euphoria, relaxation, altered sensory perception, and sometimes temporary cognitive impairment.
How does CBD work on the body?
CBD indirectly influences the endocannabinoid system by modulating CB1 and CB2 receptors, without binding to them directly. It can also affect other neurotransmitter systems, such as serotonin. CBD has been studied for its potential anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, and neuroprotective effects. Unlike THC, CBD does not impair cognitive function or induce addiction.
The effects of CBD and THC
While THC causes psychoactive effects such as euphoria, relaxation, altered sensory perception, and sometimes adverse effects such as anxiety or paranoia, CBD is valued for its non-psychotropic effects. Clinical studies suggest that CBD may help reduce anxiety, relieve chronic pain , and improve sleep. In 2021, a survey found that 62% of CBD users use it to treat a medical condition, including pain, anxiety, and depression.
The Legality of CBD and THC
In Europe, the legality of CBD and THC differs. CBD is legal if it contains less than 0.2% THC, according to the European regulations harmonized in 2023. THC, on the other hand, is classified as a controlled substance in the majority of European countries due to its psychoactive effects. Penalties for possession of THC vary, ranging from fines to imprisonment, depending on the country and the amount possessed.
Why do some CBD products contain THC?
Some CBD products may contain trace amounts of THC due to the full-spectrum extraction process, which preserves all of the cannabinoids present in the plant. This can create a beneficial entourage effect, where the compounds work synergistically. However, legal concentrations are strictly limited to less than 0.2% THC. By choosing CBD isolate or broad-spectrum products , which contain 0% THC, you can avoid any risk of THC consumption.
Main differences between THC and CBD
The main difference lies in the psychoactive effects: THC is psychotropic, CBD is not. Additionally, they interact differently with the endocannabinoid system. CBD can even mitigate the effects of THC when consumed together, by modulating CB1 receptors. In terms of therapeutic benefits, THC is used to stimulate appetite and reduce nausea, while CBD is explored for its anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, and neuroprotective properties. Legality is also a key factor that sets them apart, with CBD being widely accepted, while THC is strictly regulated.
What distinguishes hemp from marijuana?
Hemp and marijuana both belong to the Cannabis sativa species, but differ in their chemical composition and uses. Hemp contains less than 0.2% THC and is high in CBD, making it legal in many countries. It has been cultivated for its fiber, seeds, and oil for over 10,000 years. Marijuana, on the other hand, typically contains between 5% and 30% THC, with a current average of 15%, due to the breeding of high-THC strains for recreational use.
If hemp is a textile plant, where does CBD come from?
CBD is extracted from the flowers and leaves of industrial hemp. Although hemp has traditionally been grown for its fibers, technological advances have made it possible to extract CBD for therapeutic purposes. Today, more than 50,000 hectares of hemp are grown in Europe to produce CBD, a 200% increase since 2018.
Do drug tests detect CBD?
Drug tests typically target THC and its metabolites, not CBD. However, using CBD products that contain trace amounts of THC can lead to positive results. It is important to use THC-free products if you are regularly tested. In 2022, 1% of CBD users reported an unexpected positive test.
Is CBD Really Safe?
CBD is generally well tolerated, but it can interact with some medications, especially those metabolized by cytochrome P450. It is recommended to consult a healthcare professional before starting CBD supplementation, especially if you are already taking medications. In 2024, the WHO reported that less than 5% of CBD users reported minor side effects such as fatigue, diarrhea, or changes in appetite. Additionally, it is crucial to choose quality products that are third-party verified to avoid contaminants such as pesticides or heavy metals.
In summary...
Understanding why CBD is different from THC is essential to making informed choices. At Eleven THC, we are committed to providing you with quality products that comply with European legislation for a safe and powerful experience .
