Cannabis legislation in New Zealand
In 2025, New Zealand still considers recreational cannabis use illegal. The 2020 referendum, which proposed legalizing cannabis for personal use, was rejected by 50.7% of voters. Since then, no legislation has been passed to legalize recreational cannabis. However, medical cannabis use has been legal since the 2018 amendment to the Drug Misuse Act, allowing patients to access cannabis products with a medical prescription.
Is CBD legal in New Zealand?
Cannabidiol ( CBD ), recognized for its therapeutic properties without significant psychoactive effects, is legal in New Zealand as a prescription drug. Products containing CBD must be prescribed by a registered healthcare professional and meet minimum quality standards set by the Department of Health. In October 2023, Medsafe reclassified low-dose CBD products, allowing their distribution by registered pharmacists without a prescription, provided each dose contains 150 mg of CBD or less and the total package does not exceed 4.5 g of CBD. However, the availability of these products is contingent upon their approval under the Medicines Act 1981.
New Zealand cannabis laws: what are the penalties?
Possession of cannabis for recreational purposes is illegal in New Zealand. Penalties for possession can include a fine of up to NZD 500 and/or imprisonment for up to three months. The illegal cultivation, manufacture, and distribution of cannabis are punishable by more severe prison sentences, up to 14 years for production or distribution.
Is it possible to grow your own cannabis?
Growing cannabis at home is illegal in New Zealand, even for medical use. Patients must obtain their cannabis products from licensed suppliers and with a medical prescription. Penalties for illegal cannabis cultivation can include fines and imprisonment, depending on the severity of the offense.
History of cannabis
Cannabis was introduced to New Zealand in the mid-19th century, initially cultivated for its fibers. Its recreational use developed in the 1960s. In 1927, New Zealand banned cannabis in accordance with international conventions. Since then, the debate over its legalization or decriminalization has been recurring, with notable social movements in the 1970s and 1990s.
Cultural behaviors
Cannabis is part of New Zealand's alternative culture. Approximately 13.4% of the adult population reported using cannabis in the past year, making it the most commonly used illicit drug in the country. Festivals and events celebrating cannabis have grown in popularity, although their legal status remains ambiguous.
Industrial hemp in New Zealand
The cultivation of industrial hemp has been legal in New Zealand since 2006. Hemp, containing less than 0.35% THC , is used for the production of textiles, building materials, and food supplements. This industry is growing, generating significant revenue and employing many people across the country.
The future of cannabis legalization in New Zealand
Although the 2020 referendum rejected the legalization of recreational cannabis, the public debate continues. Recent polls indicate a shift in public opinion, with a growing proportion of the population in favor of legalization. However, no concrete legislative initiatives have been announced for a new referendum or for amending existing laws regarding recreational cannabis use.
Good to know
For travelers to New Zealand, it is essential to know and respect local laws regarding cannabis . Importing cannabis is strictly prohibited, and customs officials conduct rigorous checks. Failure to comply with these laws can result in severe penalties, including for tourists. Furthermore, consuming cannabis in public is illegal and socially frowned upon. Medical cannabis prescriptions obtained in other countries are not recognized in New Zealand.
Conclusion
In 2025, New Zealand's cannabis legislation maintains that recreational use is illegal, while medical use is permitted with a prescription. CBD is available by prescription, with low-dose products accessible without a prescription under certain conditions. New Zealand society continues to debate the issue, and future legislative changes are possible. It is crucial to stay informed about current laws and comply with local regulations, whether you are a resident or a visitor.
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