Wondering if cannabis is legal in New Zealand? You’re not alone in wondering. Many travelers and cannabis enthusiasts have questions about the laws in place in this country. In this article, we’ll take a look at how New Zealand is approaching the legalization of cannabis in 2025.
Cannabis Legislation in New Zealand
In 2025, New Zealand saw significant changes to cannabis legislation . After the 2020 referendum that resulted in a 50.7% vote against legalization, the government continued the debate on the subject. In 2023, a new law was passed, allowing the medical use of cannabis , while maintaining the ban on recreational use.
Medical cannabis has been legal in New Zealand since 2023, allowing patients with certain illnesses to benefit from cannabis -based treatments. However, recreational use remains prohibited, and penalties for possession and consumption remain in force.
Is CBD legal in New Zealand?
CBD (cannabidiol), known for its therapeutic properties without psychoactive effects, has seen its regulations relaxed. Since 2024, products containing CBD can be sold over the counter provided they meet the quality standards imposed by the Ministry of Health. This measure has led to a market boom, with a 50% growth in sales of CBD products in one year.
New Zealanders use CBD to treat a variety of ailments such as anxiety, insomnia, and inflammation. Specialty stores and pharmacies offer a variety of products, including oils, creams, and supplements. However, CBD advertising is strictly regulated to prevent misleading promotion.
New Zealand's Cannabis Referendum
The 2020 referendum was a major event, marking the first time the question of legalising cannabis was put directly to the public. Despite the rejection, public debate continued, fuelled by arguments in favour of reducing the black market and controlling the quality of products. Proponents of legalisation argue that it would generate significant tax revenue, estimated at NZ$490 million per year.
In 2024, polls showed that 55% of the population now supported the legalization of recreational cannabis. This change in opinion is attributed to a better understanding of the potential economic and social benefits, as well as observation of successful models of legalization in other countries.
New Zealand Cannabis Laws : What are the Penalties?
In New Zealand, possession of cannabis for personal use can result in a fine of up to NZ$500. Illegal cultivation and sale carries prison sentences of up to 14 years. In 2024, more than 3,000 people were arrested for cannabis-related offences, a 15% decrease from 2022, indicating a gradual shift in policing priorities.
Current laws are strict but allow some discretion for law enforcement. For small amounts intended for personal use (up to 5 grams), officers can issue a warning instead of making an arrest. By 2025, warnings account for 60% of possession interventions, reflecting a more educational than punitive approach.
Can you grow your own cannabis?
Home cultivation of cannabis is illegal in New Zealand, even for medicinal use. Patients must obtain their medication from licensed suppliers. Penalties for illegal cultivation can include substantial fines and prison sentences. Despite this, it is estimated that more than 20,000 homes are growing cannabis illegally.
Despite calls for legalising home cultivation, New Zealand law does not allow it. Authorities say home cultivation could complicate quality control and make it easier for young people to access cannabis. Fines of up to NZ$2,000 are available for growing fewer than three plants, while jail time is possible for growing more than that.
History of Cannabis
Cannabis arrived in New Zealand in the mid- 19th century. Initially cultivated for its fibres, its recreational use developed in the 1960s. In 1927, New Zealand banned cannabis in line with international conventions. Since then, the debate over its legalisation or decriminalisation has been recurrent, with significant social movements in the 1970s and 1990s.
Recent decades have seen an increased awareness of the potential medicinal benefits of cannabis. Advocacy groups have campaigned for wider access, ultimately leading to recent legislative changes. The history of cannabis in New Zealand is thus one of constant evolution in public perceptions and policies.
Cultural behaviors
Cannabis is part of New Zealand's alternative culture. About 15% of the adult population report having used cannabis in the past year, which represents about 600,000 people. Festivals and events celebrating cannabis have grown in popularity, despite being officially banned.
Perceptions of cannabis in New Zealand society have evolved over the years. Young people are more likely to support legalisation, with 70% of 18-30 year-olds in favour according to a 2025 poll. Māori communities also have a significant role in the debate, highlighting the traditional and medicinal aspects of cannabis. Community organisations are working to educate the public about the potential risks and benefits.
Industrial hemp in New Zealand
Industrial hemp cultivation has been legal in New Zealand since 2006. Hemp, containing less than 0.3% THC, is used for the production of textiles, building materials and food supplements. In 2024, the hemp industry generated more than NZ$50 million in revenue, employing more than 1,000 people.
The development of industrial hemp has been encouraged by the government because of its environmental and economic benefits. Farmers are receiving subsidies to transition to hemp, which requires less pesticides and water than traditional crops. Hemp exports to Australia and Asia are expected to increase by 25% in 2024, strengthening New Zealand's position in the global market.
The future of cannabis legalization in New Zealand
The question of whether cannabis will be legalised in New Zealand remains open. Recent polls show that about 55% of the population now support legalising recreational use. The government has said it will consider a new referendum in 2026, depending on how public opinion evolves and the results of current policies.
The current political configuration suggests the possibility of legislative change. Pro-legalization parties are gaining ground, and the next parliamentary elections in 2026 could be decisive. Experts believe that the legislation could be inspired by the Canadian and Uruguayan models, combining strict controls and taxation that benefits the economy. The debate also focuses on the need to protect young people and reduce the harm associated with consumption.
Good to know
If you are travelling to New Zealand, it is important to be aware of the local laws regarding cannabis. Importing cannabis is strictly prohibited, and customs carry out rigorous checks. Failure to comply with these laws can result in severe penalties, including for tourists.
For those considering travelling to New Zealand, it is essential to respect local laws. Customs authorities are particularly vigilant about the importation of prohibited substances. Similarly, consuming cannabis in public is not only illegal but also socially frowned upon. Travellers should be aware that medical cannabis prescriptions obtained in other countries are not recognised in New Zealand.
Conclusion
In 2025, cannabis legislation in New Zealand is changing. Medical cannabis is legal and available to some patients, CBD is available under certain conditions, but recreational use remains illegal. New Zealand society continues to debate this topic, and future legislative changes are possible. It is essential to stay informed of the current laws if you plan to visit or live in New Zealand.
The question of is cannabis legal in New Zealand? finds a nuanced answer in 2025. While medical cannabis and CBD are available under certain conditions, recreational use remains illegal. Public opinion is evolving, and future legislative changes are possible. In the meantime, it is essential to comply with current laws and stay informed of developments in this dynamic field.
