Are you wondering if cannabis will be legal in India in 2025? Is cannabis legal in India? A legitimate question for travelers and the curious. In this article, we'll explore how Indian laws have evolved regarding cannabis and what this means for you.
Understanding Indian cannabis laws in 2025
In 2025, laws regarding cannabis in India remain complex and vary across regions. Although the plant has been an integral part of Indian culture for millennia, its recreational use is strictly regulated by law. Illegal possession of cannabis can result in sentences of up to 10 years imprisonment and fines of up to 100,000 rupees (approximately €1,200). However, some regions, such as Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand, are showing signs of relaxation.
The primary law governing cannabis in India is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act (NDPS) of 1985. This law prohibits the production, possession, and consumption of narcotics, including cannabis. However, there are exceptions for certain parts of the plant, notably the seeds and leaves, which are used in traditional preparations such as bhang. Bhang, a beverage made from cannabis leaves, remains legal in several Indian states, reflecting the complexity of the regulations.
In 2025, despite movements advocating for legalization, recreational cannabis remains illegal at the federal level. However, growing demand for cannabis law reform is prompting authorities to reconsider their position. According to a recent poll, over 65% of the urban population supports the decriminalization of personal use. This shift in public opinion is a key factor in the current debate.
The history of cannabis in India
Cannabis has a long history in India, dating back over 3,000 years. It is mentioned in sacred texts such as the Atharva Veda, where it is described as one of the five sacred plants. Cannabis, or "ganja" in Sanskrit, is deeply rooted in Indian culture, used for its medicinal and spiritual properties. In Himalayan villages, cannabis has been cultivated for generations, an integral part of rural life.
During the 19th century, under the British Empire, cannabis was largely regulated rather than prohibited. In 1894, the Indian Hemp Commission concluded that a total ban was not justified, recognizing the plant's traditional uses. It was only after the adoption of international conventions that India began to restrict cannabis, leading to the passage of the NDPS Act in 1985, thus aligning the country with global drug control policies.
Despite the official ban, the use of cannabis for religious and cultural purposes has persisted. Sadhus, these itinerant holy men, continue to use cannabis for spiritual purposes , perpetuating a millennia-old tradition. Every year, during festivals like Holi and Maha Shivaratri, the consumption of bhang is socially accepted, creating a contradictory dynamic between the law and cultural practices.
Medical cannabis in India
The medical cannabis sector in India saw significant developments in 2025. While long overlooked, the therapeutic potential of cannabis began to gain recognition. The government authorized limited clinical trials and research on cannabinoids to treat conditions such as chronic pain, epilepsy, and cancer. Specialized clinics emerged in major cities like Mumbai and Delhi, offering cannabis-based treatments under strict medical supervision.
According to the Ministry of Health, over 100,000 patients have received medical cannabis treatments since 2023. The medical cannabis market in India is projected to reach $230 million by 2025, with an annual growth rate of 20%. This rapid expansion reflects the increasing interest in alternatives to conventional treatments, as well as the gradual evolution of legislation.
Despite these advances, access to medical cannabis remains limited due to regulatory constraints. Patients must obtain a special prescription, and doctors are still reluctant to prescribe cannabinoids due to a lack of training. Nevertheless, patient associations are advocating for broader access to therapeutic cannabis , highlighting its benefits for patients' quality of life.
The special case of legalized CBD
Cannabidiol, or CBD , is experiencing growing popularity in India. Unlike THC, CBD has no psychoactive effects and offers promising therapeutic properties. In 2024, the Indian government decided to legalize CBD derived from industrial hemp, opening the door to a new market. CBD products, such as oils, creams, and dietary supplements, are now available in pharmacies and specialty shops.
The CBD market in India is booming, with an estimated value of $150 million by 2025. More than 500 local companies have entered the production and distribution of CBD products. This partial legalization is an important step towards a more tolerant policy, allowing consumers to enjoy the health benefits of CBD without breaking the law.
However, some gray areas still exist in the regulations. THC levels in CBD products are strictly controlled, not exceeding 0.3%. Authorities are closely monitoring this emerging industry to prevent abuse. Despite this, CBD has established itself as a popular wellness product, with nearly 5 million Indians projected to use it by 2025.
Industrial hemp in India
Industrial hemp, a variety of cannabis containing less than 0.3% THC, is receiving significant attention in India. Used for the production of fibers, textiles, paper, and even building materials, hemp represents a considerable economic opportunity. In 2022, the government launched a program to encourage hemp cultivation in the mountainous states, offering subsidies to farmers.
Currently, over 50,000 hectares are dedicated to industrial hemp cultivation in India , generating income for thousands of farmers. The sector directly or indirectly employs nearly 200,000 people, contributing to rural development. Exports of hemp products are projected to reach $80 million by 2025, giving India a strong position in the global market.
Hemp is considered a sustainable crop, requiring less water and pesticides than cotton. This makes it an attractive eco-friendly alternative for the Indian textile industry. Local governments are also encouraging innovation in the sector, funding research into new hemp applications, including in biomedicine and bioplastics.
Current attitudes towards cannabis
By 2025, attitudes towards cannabis in India are changing rapidly. Younger generations, in particular, are more open to the idea of legalizing recreational cannabis . The media plays a significant role in this shift in perception, with reports highlighting the economic and social benefits of potential legalization. Social media also amplifies the voices of those advocating for reform.
However, a segment of the population remains opposed to legalization, citing moral and health concerns. Anti-drug organizations continue to raise awareness of the risks associated with cannabis use, highlighting studies on addiction and its effects on mental health. The government must therefore navigate these divergent opinions to develop a balanced policy.
The future of cannabis legalization in India
Whether India will legalize cannabis in the near future remains open. Recent developments, such as the legalization of CBD and the encouragement of hemp cultivation, suggest a shift toward a more liberal approach. Bills are being debated in Parliament to reduce penalties for possession of small amounts of cannabis and to allow for medical research.
In 2025, several states are studying the possibility of implementing pilot programs to regulate the sale and consumption of cannabis for recreational purposes.
The international community is also watching these developments. India could draw inspiration from successful legalization models in other countries, such as Canada and Uruguay. However, the process is complex and requires extensive legislative reform, as well as a cultural shift. The future of cannabis in India will therefore depend on numerous political, economic, and social factors.
Good to know: tips for travelers in India
For travelers to India, it is crucial to know and respect local drug laws. Despite the cultural presence of cannabis, its possession and consumption are illegal and severely punished. Foreigners caught violating these laws risk not only criminal penalties but also complications with their visas and residency permits. It is recommended to stay informed by contacting embassies or other relevant authorities.
It is also important to note that cannabis products sold on the street can be of uncertain quality and potentially dangerous. Travelers should be aware that consuming bhang or other preparations can produce intense psychoactive effects. To avoid problems, it is best to enjoy the rich cultural, historical, and culinary heritage that India has to offer without breaking drug laws.
In 2025, over 1,500 tourists were arrested for cannabis-related offenses in India, according to the Ministry of Home Affairs. These figures highlight the importance of vigilance and compliance with local laws. Embassies also report an increase in requests for consular assistance related to these offenses. Therefore, caution is advised for any traveler wishing to avoid unpleasant situations.
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